Guiding Opinions on the Prevention and Control of Diseases and Pests in the Middle and Late Stages of Wheat in 2018 in Henan Province

Notice on Printing and Distributing the Technical Guidance for the Prevention and Control of Diseases, Pests and Weeds in the Middle and Late Period of Wheat in Henan Province in 2018

All provinces and municipalities directly under the county (city) plant protection station:

According to the analysis and forecast, the main pests and diseases of wheat in the middle and late stages of this year are biased, and the situation of prevention and control is severe. In order to comprehensively carry out monitoring and prevention work, minimize damage and loss, ensure the safety of wheat production, and strive to capture the bumper harvest of summer grain this year, provincial experts organized relevant experts to study and formulate the "Guidelines for the prevention and control of pests and diseases in the middle and late stages of wheat in Henan Province in 2018". ", now issued to you, please combine the local reality and conscientiously implement.

Henan Plant Protection Plant Quarantine Station

February 8, 2018

Guiding Opinions on the Prevention and Control of Diseases, Pests and Weeds in the Middle and Late Period of Wheat in Henan Province

Pests and weeds in the middle and late stages of wheat growth are the main obstacles affecting wheat yield and quality. Due to the continuous rainfall from the end of September to mid-October last year, the wheat in our province was generally broadcast for 10-20 days. The late sowing had certain avoidance effects on pests and diseases, but the late sowing caused weaker seedlings, resulting in poor resistance. Two blizzards on January 2-5 and 23-25 ​​provided sufficient effective precipitation for the wheat fields, which was conducive to the spread of wheat diseases in early spring.

On January 19, a stripe rust disease center occurred in Dashiqiao Township and Luhe Township, Luanchuan County, and the date of the disease was more than 40 days earlier than normal. Affected by spring weather conditions, field bacterial sources, wintering bases, wheat seedlings and other factors, this year's wheat stripe rust disease in our province is early in the disease, there are many disease centers in winter, and the risk of spring is high; scab, wheat ears, etc. There is also a risk of large-scale outbreaks of pests and diseases. In order to effectively carry out monitoring and prevention work and protect wheat production safety, the following technical guidance is proposed.

First, strengthen pest and disease monitoring, early scientific warning

According to the actual production of our province, this spring we should focus on the systematic monitoring of wheat stripe rust, scab, sheath blight, leaf rust, powdery mildew, wheat bran, and wheat spider. Plant protection departments at all levels should regard it as the top priority of plant protection work, further implement work responsibilities, increase monitoring outlets, enrich forecasting personnel, train measurement and reporting techniques, guarantee work expenses, and ensure the normal development of all work.

It is necessary to adopt a combination of manual investigation and instrument monitoring, systematic investigation and field census to achieve a fixed-point survey in 3 days, a comprehensive survey in 7 days, and timely information on the release of pests and diseases. Plant protection departments at all levels shall, in accordance with the unified regulations of provincial stations, fix special personnel and strictly implement the information weekly reporting system. For wheat stripe rust, it must be reported to the provincial station at the first time after discovery and continue to implement the first reward system;

The area south of Shahe should actively organize a general survey of the disease, comprehensively clarify the distribution of the disease points, and closely monitor the development of the disease.

On the basis of system monitoring, it is necessary to strengthen expert consultation and scientific research and judgment, early issue of major pest and disease occurrence trend forecasting and prevention and control alarms, be a good candidate for government decision-making, and provide technical guidance for mass prevention and control. It is required that the accuracy rate of short-term and medium-term forecasts is over 90%, and the accuracy of long-term forecasting is over 80%. It is absolutely not allowed to be inaccurate due to monitoring work, the forecast information is not accurate, and the reporting time is not timely and delays the prevention and control, resulting in major economic losses.

Second, highlight the main target and implement scientific prevention and control

There are many types of pests and diseases in the middle and late stages of wheat, often mixed with various pests and diseases, and overlapping hazards. For the whole province, stripe rust, scab, sheath blight, powdery mildew, leaf rust, ear mites, wheat spiders, Somatic worms and other important targets for prevention and control. In the prevention and control strategy, we must adhere to the principles of adapting to local conditions, highlighting key points, and classifying guidance, adopting a combination of green prevention and control and chemical prevention, combining emergency treatment with continuous management, and combining specialized defense and prevention with group prevention and treatment.

In the selection of anti-control agents, we will focus on the promotion of bio-pesticide and high-efficiency and low-toxic chemical pesticides. The same variety of pharmaceuticals will focus on the promotion of high-content products, suspending agents, water emulsions and other environmentally-friendly high-efficiency dosage forms. At the same time, we will actively test and promote pesticide reduction additives. Achieve drug control and control. All localities should combine the characteristics of local wheat varieties, disease resistance and the characteristics of pests and diseases in the past years, clear key targets, formulate prevention and control technical programs, and guide scientific prevention and control.

For violent and large-area epidemics, it is necessary to prepare emergency plans and materials in advance. Once local outbreaks have emerged, emergency prevention and control will be implemented quickly. Through the implementation of various key measures, the emergency prevention and control rate of major pests and diseases will reach more than 90%, the coverage of specialized and unified defense will reach over 40%, the control effect will be more than 85%, and the overall pest and disease loss rate will be controlled at 5. Target within %.

Third, pay close attention to key links and implement prevention and control technology

First, closely monitor wheat stripe rust.

In view of the special situation of early onset of stripe rust in winter this year, the pre-winter area in Luanchuan County of Nanyang City should spray a large amount of fungicides in early spring, lower the source of early spring bacteria, and try to delay the spring season of stripe rust. Beginning of the early stage of the rust in the Shahe River and the Changfa area, starting in late February, it is necessary to fully implement the monitoring and prevention strategy of “accurate monitoring, drug detection, discovery, and control”, and eliminate sporadic diseased leaves and disease centers at any time to reduce Disease risk

From the end of March to the beginning of April, when the average diseased leaf rate in the field reaches 0.5%, regional unified prevention and control should be organized to prevent widespread disease. The control agent may be selected from the group consisting of triazolone, diniconazole, tebuconazole, flusilazole, propiconazole, 4% pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotic, 100 billion Bacillus subtilis, etc., and the dosage is strictly according to the recommended dosage of the product. The above-mentioned agents can simultaneously treat diseases such as sheath blight, stem-based rot, leaf rust, powdery mildew and leaf blight.

Second, chemical weeding and early control of pests and diseases were carried out before jointing.

After the wheat is greened and before the jointing, it is the key period of chemical weeding in spring. For the wheat field without chemical weeding before winter, after the average daily temperature is stable at 6 °C, choose sunny weather from 10 am to 4 pm, according to the local grass. Emotions and grasses are equal to the actual situation. The right medicines are selected and the appropriate dose is used to scientifically carry out weed control in wheat fields.

Wheat field dominated by broadleaf weeds such as stalked wormwood, leeks, mother-in-law, borscht, maijiagong, piglet, lacquer, etc., can be used with bensulfuron-methyl + chlorofluoropyridinic acid, 20% difluoro Sulforaclorate, fluorochloroester, 5.8% flufensulfate, diflufenacil, 7.5% diflufenazone, oxazolone and other agents for control; wild oats, see Mai Niang and other grass weeds For the main wheat field, acetylene oxalate, oxazoline acetylene oxalate, benzoxazole and herbicide can be used to prevent it;

The wheat field, which is mainly composed of wheat, candle and grass, can be controlled by drugs such as methyl disulfuron, methyl disulfuron and methyl iodsulfuron sodium; for mixed broadleaf weeds and grass weeds. Wheat field, according to the grass phase, the use of flufensulfuron, acesulfame, or benzosulfuron, flufensulfuric acid and benzoxazole and grass, etc. in a certain proportion of mixed use. Chemical weeding technology is strong, and must be operated in strict accordance with technical specifications to prevent the occurrence of herbicide phytotoxic accidents.

The wheat greening and jointing stage is also a favorable opportunity for the control of pests such as sheath blight, stem-based rot and wheat spiders, and timely spraying control. For the soil fax fungus diseases such as wheat sheath blight and stem-based rot, choose diniconazole, tebuconazole, propiconazole, sinazine, Jinggang·swax, and hay when the disease rate is 15%. Agents such as Bacillus are sprayed and controlled. The field is severely affected, and it is sprayed once every 7-10 days.

It is necessary to pay attention to spraying the liquid on the base of the stem of the wheat plant to ensure the control effect. For wheat red spiders, when the average length of 33 cm is 100 (wheat long-legged spider) or 200 (mald spider), spraying with avermectin, fluorenone, and carbaryl salt can also be used. The method of vibrating wheat plants when watering is used to kill the mites.

For wheat yellow mosaic disease, in the early stage of spring, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate, growth regulators, etc., to reduce the symptoms of disease, restore growth, reduce production losses. In the area where cyst nematode disease occurs, effective measures such as suppression, application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, watering, and spraying plant growth regulators can be taken to promote the healthy growth of wheat and reduce the damage.

The third is to prevent and control wheat scab and sputum in the flowering stage.

For wheat scab, all localities must resolutely overcome the numbness, scientific research, early preparation, active attack, and comprehensive prevention. The first is to strengthen cultivation management. Balance fertilization, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; control the number of wheat populations in the middle and late stages, so that the fields and ditches can be smoothed, creating an environment that is not conducive to disease prevalence. The second is active drug prevention. In the southern Changfa District, it is necessary to see flowers and fight drugs in the early stage of wheat flowering to achieve comprehensive prevention.

For high-sensitivity varieties, in the period from wheat heading to flowering stage, there is rainy, dew and foggy weather for more than 2 days. The first application time should be advanced to the heading stage. The medicinal variety may be selected from cymene, prochloraz, tebuconazole, albendazole, tetramycin, cymene, tebuconazole, tebuconazole, prochloraz, tebuconazole, thiram, and ene.多·carbendazim, Bacillus subtilis, Jinggang·Bacillus, Bacillus polymyxa, etc., should use the amount of foot liquid, and it should be rained within 3-6 hours after application, and should be timely replenished after rain. Biological pesticides such as Bacillus subtilis, Jinggang·Bacillus, and Bacillus polymyxa should be applied to the early stage of the booting.

In case of disease epidemic, after the first prevention and treatment, it is necessary to prevent and control 1-2 times every 5-7 days to ensure the prevention and treatment effect. In the sporadic area of ​​scab, the heading and flowering period is based on the weather forecast. If there is 2-3 days of rain or even rainy weather, spray prevention is required.

In the high-density area of ​​wheat midges, it is necessary to focus on two key links, such as soil treatment in the flood season and spraying control in the adult stage. The general occurrence area is to control the adults before heading to flowering. The flood control can be carried out from late March to mid-April. When there are more than 2 insects per small square (10 cm × 10 cm × 20 cm), toxic dead earth and phoxim are used to make toxic soil. Evenly spread, the effect of watering combined with sprinkling is better.

In the adult stage prevention and treatment, the effective period of the drug should be fully utilized, and the application time should be appropriately advanced to apply the drug in the main peak period of the adult. At the heading stage of wheat, when more than 10 adult worms are caught every 10 nets, or the ridges are opened with both hands, and when more than 2 adult worms can be seen at a glance, phoxim, beta-cypermethrin or chlorpyrifos can be used immediately for prevention and control. Treating pests such as wheat bran and armyworms.

The fourth is to implement comprehensive drug use in the later period.

The late stage of wheat growth and development is the peak period of various pests and diseases. All localities should vigorously carry out "one spray three prevention" according to the actual situation of pests and diseases, and use fungicides, insecticides and plant growth regulators or foliar fertilizers. Scientific formula, mixed spraying, comprehensive control of powdery mildew, rust, scab, leaf blight, aphids and other pests and diseases.

For the ear mites, it is recommended to use imidacloprid, acetamiprid, pymetrozine, thiamethoxam, anti-carboside, thiamin, high-chlorine microcapsule suspension and other agents spray control, but also matrine, nicotine, alizarin, etc. Plant-derived pesticides or cockroaches are controlled. Fungicide optional

Using triazolone, diniconazole, tebuconazole, hexaconazole, propiconazole, difenoconazole, prochloraz, epoxiconazole, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, cymene, Pyraclostrobin, propane ring, azoxystrobin, Bacillus cereus, and the like. The plant growth regulator may be selected from the group consisting of amino oligosaccharide, brassinolide, erythritol, and brassica.

In order to reduce the amount of chemical pesticides, it is advisable to add a reduced amount of residual and synergistic additives when spraying pesticides. Pesticide and auxiliaries should give priority to the selection of better-performing varieties through the demonstration and demonstration of plant protection departments at all levels.

Fourth, promote unified defense and improve prevention and control effects

All localities should adapt to the requirements of agricultural modernization development, actively support specialized prevention and control organizations, and strive to expand the scope of services and improve service levels. It is necessary to give full play to the role of the plant protection professional service organization, take various measures such as the government to purchase services, vigorously carry out the unified defense and rule, promote the unified organization and launch, unify the technical plan, unify the supply of drugs, unify the prevention and control time, and uniformly apply the “five unified” of drug application operations. Service to ensure control effect.

It is necessary to support and encourage professional prevention organizations to sign service contracts with farmers, cooperatives or family farms, implement full-scale prevention and control services, or carry out unified defense and control over chemical weeding, “one spray, three preventions” and other aspects to achieve savings and efficiency. Environmental goals.

For the emergency prevention and control of fulminant pests and diseases such as larvae, scab, stripe rust, etc., the government can command and, under the technical guidance of the plant protection department, entrust a specialized prevention and control organization to implement large-scale unified prevention and control, and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of prevention and control.

In the green high-yield creation demonstration zone, high-quality wheat production base, the Ministry of Agriculture wheat specialization prevention and control and green prevention and control integration demonstration zone, Henan Province wheat pest integrated control demonstration zone to achieve full coverage of specialized unified defense. In addition, all localities should adapt to local conditions, extensively carry out various forms of agricultural enterprise docking activities, develop diversified, multi-level plant protection socialization services, and promote the comprehensive prevention and control of group prevention and control.

When carrying out large-scale unified defense or government procurement services, we must choose a specialized plant protection service organization with advanced application equipment, a certain scale and strong service capability.

Fifth, improve the level of demonstration and do a good job in technical services

Plant protection departments at all levels should conscientiously follow the “Notice on Strengthening the Construction of the Comprehensive Prevention and Control Zone for Wheat, Pests and Weeds” (Yubao [2017] No. 46) and “On the Printing and Distribution of the Specialized System of Wheat Pests and Diseases in Henan Province for 2017-2018” "Notice on Anti-Responsibility and Green Defence and Control Demonstration Program" (Yu Bao [2017] No. 43) requires increasing investment, optimizing plans, implementing technology, strengthening publicity, and grasping the provincial comprehensive prevention demonstration zone and the Ministry of Agriculture integration demonstration zone The construction will give full play to the role of radiation belts and further enhance the construction level of the demonstration areas.

At the same time, organize technical personnel to enter the village to strengthen households, strengthen technical and information services for large grain farmers, family farms, farmer cooperatives, face the farmer's plant protection technology publicity training and guidance, and solve their actual problems encountered in the prevention and control of pests and diseases. Problems, and make full use of radio, television, newspapers, the Internet, rural information and other media, widely publicize the prevention and control technology of pests and weeds in the field of spring wheat, to ensure that household names are implemented, and that they should be prevented from doing their best.

This article website: Henan Province issued 2018 wheat in the middle and late stages of pest control technology guidance

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